סימן פ סעיף ג

אָסוּר לְעָרוֹת רֹטֶב רוֹתֵחַ עַל חֲתִיכוֹת לֶחֶם אוֹ מַצּוֹת, אֶלָּא יְעָרֶה תְּחִלָּה אֶת הָרֹטֶב לְתוֹךְ הַקְּעָרָה וְיִתְקָרֵר קְצָת עַד שֶׁיְהֵא רָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִתֵּן שָׁמָּה אֶת הַלֶּחֶם אוֹ הַמַּצּוֹת. אֲבָל כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהָרֹטֶב הוּא רוֹתֵחַ, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא בַּקְּעָרָה, אָסוּר לִתֵּן לְתוֹכוֹ לֶחֶם אוֹ מַצּוֹת. וְכֵן אֵין לִתֵּן מֶלַח אוֹ תַבְלִין לְתוֹךְ הָרֹטֶב אֲפִלּוּ הוּא בַּקְּעָרָה וּמִכָּל שֶׁכֵּן לְתוֹךְ הַקְּדֵרָה, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא רוֹתֵחַ, אֶלָּא יַמְתִּין עַד שֶׁתִּתְקָרֵר קְצָת שֶׁיְהֵא רָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה. וּבְמֶּלַח שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה עַל יְדֵי בִּשּׁוּל יֵשׁ מְקִלִּין. וְהַמַּחְמִיר גַּם בָּזֶה, תָּבֹא עָלָיו בְּרָכָה. וְכֵן אֵין לְעָרוֹת קַאפֶע אוֹ טֵה רוֹתֵחַ לְהַכְּלִי שֶׁרוֹצִים לִשְׁתּוֹת בּוֹ אִם יֵשׁ שָׁם צוּקֶר (סֻכָּר) אֶלָּא יְעָרֶה תְחִלָּה אֶת הַקַאפֶע וְהַטֵה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִתֵּן לְתוֹכוֹ אֶת הַצוּקֶר. וּבִמְקוֹם צֹרֶךְ יֵשׁ לְהָקֵל.

It is forbidden to pour hot gravy on pieces of bread or matzos,¹³The author holds the stringent view of the Yerei’im and Semag who maintain that the prohibition of cooking on Shabbos applies also to food that was already baked. (see Shulchan Aruch 318: 5) rather you should first pour the gravy into a dish, and let it cool until it is fit to eat.¹⁴The gravy must be sufficiently cooled off so that a person’s hand will not recoil when touching it. This is called yad soledes. We are not sure as to the exact temperature of yad soledes, but it is approximately 45 degrees c. or 113 degrees f. According to Rav Moshe Feinstein it is 43 degrees c. or 110–160 degrees f. In this halachah, the author follows Rema 318: 5. You should, therefore, not put soup nuts into soup or dip bread into cholent if the soup and cholent are yad soledes (45 degrees c.). If you did, you may eat it, even if you put the bread into the pot itself [keli rishon]. (see Mishnah Berurah 318: 45) After that you may put in the bread or matzos. However, as long as the gravy is hot, even if it is in the dish [which is a keli sheini],¹⁵The pot in which it is cooked is called a keli rishon. The bowl into which it is poured is called a keli sheini. The third vessel into which it is put is called a keli shelishi. it is forbidden to put in bread or matzos.¹⁶Peri Megadim (A.A. 318: 28) rules that it is better not to put bread etc. into a vessel that is on the fire, even if it is cooler than yad soledes. You should also not put salt or spices into the [hot] gravy, even if it is in a dish [keli sheini] and, certainly, not into the pot [keli rishon] as long as it is hot.¹⁷Regarding putting raw food into a keli rishon, Magein Avraham 318: 28 is machmir [stringent] even when the keli rishon is off the fire and even if it is not yad soledes.
Mishnah Berurah is lenient in the case when the keli rishon is removed from the fire and is not yad soledes. The Yerei’im rules that easily cooked foods, like onions, etc. may not be put into a keli sheini when it is yad soledes, and since we are not experts in knowing what is considered easily cooked, you should not put any raw food into a keli sheini that is yad soledes. Chayei Adam and Magein Avraham 318: 18 agree with the Yerei’im. But (you) should wait until it cools off, until it is fit to eat. If the salt was processed through boiling,¹⁸Mishnah Berurah 318: 71 rules that salt which was processed by boiling, may be put into a keli sheini even if it is yad soledes, but it should not be put into a keli rishon. some are lenient [and permit it], but he who adheres to the stricter view, will be blessed.¹⁹The Rema says this refers to regularly mined salt. Likewise, you should not pour hot coffee or tea into a cup that you wish to drink from if it contains sugar; rather, you should first pour in the coffee or tea and then put in the sugar.²⁰The reason is that since sugar is usually eaten in its dissolved state, it is not considered thoroughly cooked until it is dissolved and thus, you are cooking it by pouring in the boiling water [Maharam Schick Resp. 133]. According to Siddur Ha Tanya, the reason is that sugar dissolves before it cooks and, therefore, has the law of a liquid, which even when previously cooked, may not be re-cooked. [This reason may apply to salt processed through boiling and probably is the reason why the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch is machmir regarding salt]. When there is a necessity, you may be lenient.²¹If you already did it, you may drink the tea or coffee, even if it is not necessary (e.g. you can make other cups of tea etc.), since some poskim permit it even initially. See this general rule in Magein Avraham 254: 11 and Chayei Adam 9: 11.

תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות (נדה ע"ג.)