סימן צד סעיף ו
כֵּיצַד עוֹשִׂין אֶת הָעֵרוּב (מִן הַמֻבְחָר). אֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי הַבָּתִּים שֶׁבְּחָצֵר, לוֹקַח בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת כִּכָּר אֶחָד שָׁלֵם מִשֶּׁלּוֹ, וּמְזַכֶּה אוֹתוֹ עַל יְדֵי אַחֵר לְכָל הַדָּרִים בֶּחָצֵר, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁאוֹמֵר לְאַחֵר בְּלָשׁוֹן שֶׁהוּא מֵבִין עִנְיָן זֶה: קַח כִּכָּר זֶה וּזְכֵה בּוֹ בִּשְׁבִיל כָּל הַיִשְׂרְאֵלִים הַדָּרִים בֶּחָצֵר זֹה (אוֹ בַּחֲצֵרוֹת אֵלּוּ). וְלוֹקֵחַ זֶה אֶת הַכִּכָּר וּמַגְבִּיהוֹ טֶפַח. וְהַמְעָרֵב לוֹקְחוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ וּמְבָרֵךְ בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל מִצְוַת עֵרוּב, וְאוֹמֵר בַּהֲדֵין עֵרוּבָא יְהֵא שָׁרֵי לָנָא לְאַפּוּקֵי וּלְעַיּוּלֵי מִן הַבָּתִים לֶחָצֵר וּמִן הֶחָצֵר לַבָּתִים וּמִבַּיִת לְבַיִת, לְכָל יִשְֹרָאֵל הַדָּרִים בַּבָּתִּים שֶׁבֶּחָצֵר הַזֹּאת. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁכֻּלָּם זָכוּ בְּכִכָּר זֶה, וּבִכְנִיסַת שַׁבָּת הוּא מֻנָּח בַּבַיִת הַזֶּה שֶׁל הַמְעָרֵב, נֶחְשָׁבִים כְּאִלּוּ כֻּלָּם דָּרוּ בַּבַּיִת הַזֶּה, וְלָכֵן מֻתָּרִים לְטַלְטֵל מֵהַבָּתִּים לֶחָצֵר וּמֵהֶחָצֵר לַבָּתִּים וּבְכָל הֶחָצֵר.
How do you make an eiruv? The mitzvah done to perfection is for one of the tenants of the courtyard, to take one whole loaf16Bread is required because eiruvei chatzeiros makes the place of the eiruv your place of dwelling. Only bread will serve this purpose. [Mishnah Berurah 386: 3] You may not make an eiruv chatzeiros with a piece of bread, even a large one; you must use a whole one. [Shulchan Aruch 366: 6] of his own bread on erev Shabbos and confer a share of it, through another person, to all the tenants of that court. This is done by saying to that other person, in any language he understands, as follows: "Take this loaf and acquire it on behalf of all the Jews who live in this courtyard, (or in these courtyards)." This person then takes the loaf and raises it one tefach.17Shulchan Aruch 366: 9 and Mishnah Berurah 366: 51. Then the one who is making the eiruv takes it from him and18See Bi’ur Halachah. recites the berachah, Baruch atah Adonai Elokeinu melech ha'olam asher kiddeshanu bemitzvosav vetzivanu al mitzvas eiruv.19Even if he did not say the berachah, the eiruv is valid and carrying is permitted. [Shulchan Aruch 366: 15] ["Blessed are You, Hashem, our God, King of the Universe, Who sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us concerning the mitzvah of eiruv]." He then says, "By means of this eiruv it will be permissible for us to take out and to bring in from the houses into the courtyard and from the courtyard into the houses and from one house into another, for all the Jews who live in the houses of the courtyard."20Even if he did not say this, it also becomes a valid eiruv (see Shulchan Aruch Harav 366) but if he said only part of it and not all of it the Peri Megadim (M.Z. 366: 7) says that it may not be a valid eiruv. Since they all acquired a share in this loaf, and at the beginning of Shabbos it is in the house21The place where it is must be no less than four amos by four amos. If it is in a room of less than four by four, but the apartment is large enough, it is questionable if it is valid. [Shemiras Shabbos Kehilchasah—Rabbi S. Z. Auerbach zatzal]. of the one who made the eiruv, it is considered as if all the tenants were living in this house, and therefore they are permitted to carry from the houses into the courtyard, and from the courtyard into the houses, and also in the entire courtyard.
תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות (נדה ע"ג.)