סימן צד סעיף יד
הַמִּתְאָרֵחַ בֶּחָצֵר, יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, דַּאֲפִלּוּ נִתְאָרַח בְּבַיִת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, אִם לֹא נִתְאָרַח דֶּרֶךְ קֶבַע אֶלָּא לִשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם אוֹ לְפָחוֹת מִזֶּה, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עַל בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר, וְכֻלָּם מֻתָּרִין לְטַלְטֵל, בֵּין מִבָּתֵּי בַּעֲלֵי הַבָּתִּים בֵּין מִבֵּית הָאוֹרֵחַ, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם הָאוֹרְחִים רַבִּים, וּבַעַל הַבַּיִת אֶחָד. וְדַוְקָא בִּדְאִכָּא בַּעַל הַבַּיִת קָבוּעַ, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא אֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי (עַיֵן יַד אֶפְרַיִם), דְּאָז הָאוֹרְחִים בְּטֵלִים לְגַבֵּהּ. אֲבָל אִם כֻּלָּם הֵם אוֹרְחִים, אוֹסְרִין זֶה עַל זֶה אִם יֵשׁ לְכָל אֶחָד חֶדֶר מְיֻחָד לַאֲכִילָה. וְאִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם אֵינוֹ יְהוּדִי, צְרִיכִין לִשְׂכּוֹר רְשׁוּתוֹ כְּדִלְקַמָּן, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁאֵין חִלּוּק בֵּין אוֹרֵחַ לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת, דְּכָל שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ חֶדֶר מְיֻחָד לֶאֱכֹל שָׁם, דִּינוֹ כְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת (עַיֵּן בס' אה"ע). וְכֵן יֵשׁ לְהַחְמִיר לְכַתְּחִלָּה. וְיֵשׁ לָהֶם לְעָרֵב בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה. וּבְדִיעֲבַד יֵשׁ לִסְמֹךְ עַל סְבָרָא הָרִאשׁוֹנָה.
Regarding a visiting guest in a court, some authorities hold,36Rashba, Shulchan Aruch 370: 8 etc. that even if he stays in a house by himself, as long as he does not stay there permanently, but for thirty days or less,37If he rented for more than thirty days he prohibits the people to carry on Shabbos as of the beginning of the rental. [Mishnah Berurah 370: 5] 38In a community situation, even one who visits for more than thirty days is included when the eiruv is made. This is a ruling of the Beis Din (the Jewish court) and is automatic. The inclusion of guests need not be spelled out when making the eiruv. [Taz. Also see Mishnah Berurah 370: 55 and 366: 53] he does not prohibit the tenants of the court [to carry]. Therefore all of them are permitted to carry either from the tenants' houses, or from the house of the guest; even if there are many guests [in the courtyard] and only one tenant. This is true only if there is [at least] one permanent tenant, even if he is a non-Jew,39If the non-Jew in the building does not own the apartments in which the guests are staying, they do not become secondary to him and they prohibit one another to carry. They must make an eiruv and rent the non-Jew’s residence. [Mishnah Berurah 370: 60, Bi’ur Halachah (Terumas Hadeshen)] If the non-Jew does own these apartments (and the guests are renting from him), the Yad Ephraim says that they are considered his guests and do not need an eiruv. The Peri Megadim says that they must rent the property of the non-Jew. for then the guests become subordinate to him. But when all [the people in the court] are guests, they do prohibit one another from carrying,40Even if they are visiting for less than thirty days (even only one Shabbos). [Rema 370: 8, Mishnah Berurah] if each one eats in a special room for himself. If there is a non-Jew among them they must rent his residence from him as will be discussed below. Some authorities say41Even Ha’ozer. that there is no difference between a guest and a tenant; thus, as long as [the guest] has a special room where he eats, his status is the same as that of a tenant. It is proper to follow the stricter view initially,42The Bi’ur Halachah 370: 8 says not to deviate from the Shulchan Aruch, Rashba, et al (who are lenient). and they should make an eiruv without reciting the berachah. But when it is done already, the first opinion may be relied upon.
תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות (נדה ע"ג.)