סימן ט סעיף י
הַפּוֹשֵׁט טַלִּיתוֹ וְדַעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר וּלְלָבְשׁוֹ מִיָּד, אֲפִלּוּ הָלַךְ לְבֵית הַכִּסֵּא, כְּשֶׁחוֹזֵר וְלוֹבְשׁוֹ, לֹא יְבָרֵךְ עָלָיו (כֵּיוָן שֶׁמִּצַּד הַדִּין מֻתָּר לָלֶכֶת בּוֹ לְבֵית הַכִּסֵּא, לָכֵן לָא הֲוֵי הֶפְסֵק). אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לְלָבְשׁוֹ מִיָּד וְנִמְלַךְ וְחָזַר וּלְבָשׁוֹ, צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ עָלָיו. וְאִם נָפַל טַלִּיתוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁלֹּא בְמִתְכַּוֵּן, אִם מִקְצָתוֹ נִשְׁאַר עַל גּוּפוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרֻבּוֹ נָפַל כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּשְׁאַר עָלָיו קְצָת מִן הַמִּצְוָה, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר וּלְבָרֵךְ כְּשֶׁמְּתַקְּנוֹ עָלָיו. אֲבָל אִם לֹא נִשְׁאַר כְּלוּם עַל גּוּפוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאוֹחֲזוֹ בְיָדוֹ, כֵּיוָן דְּלֹא נִשְׁאַר מֵהַמִּצְוָה עַל גּוּפוֹ, דְּהָא אֵין הַמִּצְוָה לֶאֱחֹז אֶת הַטַּלִּית בְּיָדוֹ אֶלָּא לְהִתְעַטֵּף בּוֹ גּוּפוֹ, לָכֵן צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ כְּשֶׁחוֹזֵר וְלוֹבְשׁוֹ. וְאִם אֵרַע לוֹ כֵן בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְהַפְסִיק, לֹא יְבָרֵךְ אָז, אֶלָּא יַמְתִּין עַד שֶׁיּוּכַל לְבָרֵךְ וְאוֹחֵז אֶת הַצִּיצִית בְּיָדוֹ וּמְבָרֵךְ (סִימָן ח').
If you take off your tallis with the intention of putting it on again immediately, even if you did so for the purpose of going to the lavatory, when you return and put it on again you do not recite the berachah over it (the tallis).33Since your intention was to remove the tallis only temporarily,this does not constitute an interruption of the mitzvah and, therefore,does not require a new berachah. (Since it is permissible to enter the lavatory with it [i. e. even while wearing a tallis]34Though it is customarily not done, for the tallis is a garment used for prayers. it is,therefore, not considered an interruption). However, if your intention was not to put the tallis on again immediately, and then you changed your mind and did put it on again, you must recite the berachah over it. If your tallis fell off accidentally, [then] if part of it remained on your body, regardless if most of it fell, as long as part of the mitzvah remained upon you you are not required to repeat the berachah when you readjust [the tallis]. However, if none of the tallis remains on your body, although you are holding it in your hand, [then] since no part of the mitzvah remains on your body, for the mitzvah is not to hold the tallis in your hand, but for the body to be wrapped in it, you must, therefore, say a berachah when you put the tallis on again. If this35I.e., the tallis completely falls off your body. happens to you during prayers at a point when you are not permitted to interrupt, you should not recite the blessing then but wait [instead] until you are permitted to recite the berachah, [at which point] you should grasp the tzitzis in your hand and recite the berachah.36There is a controversy among the poskim whether all of the aforementioned in paragraph 10 applies to someone who is wearing a small tallis when the large tallis falls off. Machatzis Hashekel (8,20), Responsa Maharsham (vol. IV. 148), Responsa Imrei Yosher (Vol. II, 9) do not require a new berachah. Mishnah Berurah (9,39) concludes that he requires a new berachah. A learned Orthodox Rabbi should be consulted in this situation.
תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות (נדה ע"ג.)