סימן כג סעיף טו

בְּתַעֲנִית צִבּוּר כְּשֶׁקּוֹרִין וַיְחַל, אֵין קוֹרִין לַעֲלֹת לַתּוֹרָה אֶלָּא לְמִי שֶׁמִּתְעַנֶּה. וְאִם אֵין כָּאן כֹּהֵן אַחֵר אֶלָּא זֶה שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְעַנֶּה, אוֹ שֶׁאֵין בְּדַעְתּוֹ לְהַשְׁלִים, קוֹרִין לְיִשְֹרָאֵל אוֹ לְלֵוִי בִּמְקוֹמוֹ. וְטוֹב שֶׁיֵּצֵא הַכֹּהֵן מִבֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְאִם יֵשׁ כֹּהֵן אַחֵר אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לָצֵאת, אֶלָּא יוֹדִיעַ שֶׁלֹּא יִקְרְאוּהוּ. וְאִם יִקְרְאוּהוּ לֹא יַעֲלֶה. וְאִם הוּא בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִשִּׁי, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקּוֹרִין וַיְחַל, מִכָּל מָקוֹם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁעַתָּה הוּא זְמַן קְרִיאַת הַתּוֹרָה, לָכֵן בְּדִיעֲבַד אִם לֹא יָצָא מִבֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת וקְרָאוּהוּ יַעֲלֶה.

On a communal fast-day when Vayechal is read, only one who is fasting is called to the Torah. If the only Kohein present is not fasting, or does not intend to complete [the fast], a Yisrael or a Leivi is called in his stead. And it is preferable that the Kohein leave the synagogue. If another Kohein is present, it is not required that he leave,²⁹The Kohein who is not fasting. but he should notify them not to call him, and if he is called he should not ascend [to the bimah].³⁰Some poskim disagree and maintain that once called he should be oleh (Taz 135:7), Mishneh Berurah (135:21) rules that one who would be embarassed to make it known that he is not fasting, may act according to the ruling of the Taz. On Mondays and Thursdays, though the reading is Vayechal,³¹I.e., a reading especially for the fast. nevertheless, since it is³²I.e., The Torah would be read even if it were not a fast-day. a time for reading the Torah, therefore, after the fact, if the [Kohein who is not fasting] has not left the synagogue, and he is called, he may go up.³³Explanation: When the fast-day falls on Monday or Thursday the reading fulfills two obligations: 1) the readings of Monday and Thursday 2) the reading of the fast day. Thus this Kohein who is not fasting, who, therefore, should not be a participant in the fast day reading, may, nevertheless, participate in the other aspect—the Monday and Thursday reading.

תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות (נדה ע"ג.)