סימן עו סעיף ח

בִּמְדִינוֹת אֵלּוּ נוֹהֲגִין שֶׁשְּׁלִיחַ הַצִבּוּר מְקַדֵּשׁ בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת בְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת וְיָמִים טוֹבִים (חוּץ מִשְּׁנֵי לֵילוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים שֶׁל פֶּסַח). וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהוּא אֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא בְּקִדּוּשׁ זֶה, וְאָסוּר לוֹ לִטְעֹם קֹדֶם קִדּוּשׁ, לָכֵן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תְּהֵא בִּרְכָּתוֹ לְבַטָּלָה, נוֹתְנִים לִטְעֹם לְקָטָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְחִנּוּךְ, וְהַקָּטֹן יִשְׁמַע אֶת הַבְּרָכָה מִמֶּנּוּ וְיוֹצֵא בָּהּ, וְנִמְצָא שֶׁלֹּא בֵּרַךְ לְבַטָּלָה (דְּמֻתָּר לְהַאֲכִיל אֶת הַקָּטֹן קֹדֶם קִדּוּשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר לְקַמָּן בְּסִימָן קס"ה, אִם יִרְצֶה הַשֵּׁם) וְאִם אֵין קָטֹן בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, יְכַוֵּן הַמְקַדֵּשׁ אוֹ אָדָם אַחֵר, לָצֵאת בַּקִּדּוּשׁ זֶה. וְיִשְׁתֶּה שִׁעוּר רְבִיעִית כְּדֵי לְבָרֵךְ בְּרָכָה אַחֲרוֹנָה, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן יָכוֹל הוּא לַחֲזוֹר וּלְקַדֵּשׁ בְּבֵיתוֹ לְהוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וּבְנֵי בֵּיתוֹ אִם אֵינָן יוֹדְעִין לְקַדֵּשׁ בְּעַצְמָן. וְהָא דְּיוֹצֵא בַּקִּדּוּשׁ שֶׁבְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, אַף עַל גַּב דְּאֵין קִדּוּשׁ אֶלָּא בִּמְקוֹם סְעוֹדָּה בִּשְׁעַת הַדְּחַק סוֹמְכִין עַל הַפּוֹסְקִים דִּסְבִירָא לָהוּ, דְּדַי אִם שׁוֹתֶה רְבִיעִית שְׁלֵמָה מִן הַכּוֹס. וְטוֹב שֶׁיִּשְׁתֶּה רְבִיעִית חוּץ מִכִּמְלֹא לֻגְמָיו, דְּהַיְנוּ כִּמְלֹּא לֻגְמָיו מִשּׁוּם קִדּוּשׁ, וְעוֹד רְבִיעִית מִשּׁוּם סְעוּדָּה.

In these countries it is customary for the chazzan to recite the "Kiddush" in the synagogue on Shabbos and Yom Tov evenings, (except on the first two nights of Passover). Since he does not fulfill the mitzvah with this Kiddush,¹⁵For Kiddush must be accompanied by the seudah (meal). [Maseches Pesachim (101a) see Kitzur Shulchan Aruch ch. 77: 14. and it is forbidden for him to taste the wine before Kiddush, therefore in order that his berachah not be in vain, the wine is given to a child who has reached the¹⁶According to Peri Megadim this refers to a child of five or six years old but Mishnah Berurah holds that it refers to a child of six or seven. The age depends on the child’s intelligence. age of¹⁷Chinuch is a term used here to describe the age at which we must begin to train a child to fulfill and perform mitzvos. chinuch. When the child hears the berachah from the chazzan, he is exempt from saying a berachah, and thus the chazzan's berachah was not in vain.¹⁸But if the child is not of chinuch age, the chazzon’s berachah is a berachah in vain. [Magein Avraham]. Bach rules that it is preferable to give it to a child not yet the age of chinuch and Aruch Hashulchan 269: 5 says that this was also the custom in his days. (For it is permitted to feed a child before Kiddush, as will be explained later on in chapter 165.) And if there is no child in the synagogue, the one who recites the Kiddush¹⁹The one who recites the Kiddush is preferable to another adult [Hagahes Maimoni, Eliyahu Rabbah]. or another person should have in mind to fulfill his mitzvah of Kiddush with this Kiddush,²⁰This ruling is based on the opinion of the Geonim who hold you may recite the Kiddush in one place having in mind to eat the seudah (meal) in another place. and drink the amount of a²¹See glossary. revi'is²²Drinking this amount of wine is considered a meal. Thus the Kiddush is accompanied by a seudah of wine [Geonim, Shulchan Aruch 273: 5]. The Ran (Maseches Pesachim 101a) maintains that according to Yerushalmi you can make Kiddush in one place having in mind to eat the meal in another house even not under one roof. Therefore, by drinking a revi’is of wine, one certainly may rely on the combined opinions of the Ran and the Geonim in fulfilling his obligation of Kiddush with the Kiddush in the synagogue [Machatzis Hashekel 269: 1, see Aruch Hashulchan]. in order to recite the concluding berachah. And even so he may recite the Kiddush again in his house to exempt his wife and household, if they are unable to recite Kiddush themselves. The mitzvah of Kiddush is fulfilled with the Kiddush which is recited in the Synagogue, even though [the rule is that] Kiddush is not valid unless it is accompanied by a meal, because in time of pressing need, we rely on the "Poskim" who hold that it is sufficient to drink a whole revi'is from the cup.²²Drinking this amount of wine is considered a meal. Thus the Kiddush is accompanied by a seudah of wine [Geonim, Shulchan Aruch 273: 5]. The Ran (Maseches Pesachim 101a) maintains that according to Yerushalmi you can make Kiddush in one place having in mind to eat the meal in another house even not under one roof. Therefore, by drinking a revi’is of wine, one certainly may rely on the combined opinions of the Ran and the Geonim in fulfilling his obligation of Kiddush with the Kiddush in the synagogue [Machatzis Hashekel 269: 1, see Aruch Hashulchan]. And it is best to drink a revi'is in addition to the mouthful [that is swallowed],²³If you hold the wine in one side of your mouth your cheek will be visibly full. This measurement varies from person to person. Usually it is more than half a revi’is. [Shulchan Aruch 271: 13]. If your cheek holds more than a revi’is you need not drink more than a revi’is. [Mishnah Berurah]. so that the mouthful is counted for Kiddush and the revi'is for the meal.²⁴This ruling is in accord with Levush, Bach and Taz. The Even Ha’ezer rules that a revi’is is sufficient.

תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות (נדה ע"ג.)