סימן קסב סעיף ז

מֻתֶּרֶת לִטְבֹּל בְּלֵיל שַׁבָּת (וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סִימָן פו), אִם עַתָּה הִגִיעַ זְמַן טְבִילָתָה שֶׁלֹּא יָכְלָה לִטְבֹּל מִקֹּדֶם, וּבַעְלָה בָּעִיר. אֲבָל אִם אֵין בַּעְלָה בָּעִיר, אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה יְכוֹלָה לִטְבֹּל קֹדֶם, אֲסוּרָה לִטְבֹּל בְּלֵיל שַׁבָּת. וְאִם הִיא אַחַר לֵדָה, יֵשׁ חִלּוּקֵי דִינִים אִם מֻתֶּרֶת לִטְבֹּל בְּלֵיל שַׁבָּת אוֹ לֹא, וְתַעֲשֶׂה שְׁאֵלַת חָכָם. וְאִשָּׁה שֶׁזְּמַן טְבִילָתָהּ בָּא קֹדֶם, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא טָבְלָה, מֵחֲמַת שֶלֹּא הָיָה בַעְלָהּ בָּעִיר, וּבָא בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, יֵשׁ מְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁמַּחְמִירִין שֶׁלֹּא לִטְבֹּל בְּלֵיל שַׁבָּת. וּבְמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין מִנְהָג קָבוּעַ, אֵין לְהַחְמִיר. וּבִמְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁנּוֹהֲגִין לְהַחְמִיר בְּלֵיל שַׁבָּת, גַּם בְּמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת לֹא תִטְבֹּל. וְאַלְמָנָה שֶנִּשֵּׂאת, אֲסוּרָה לִטְבֹּל טְבִילָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה בְּלֵיל שַׁבָּת, דְּהָא אָסוּר לָבוֹא עָלֶיהָ בִּיאָה רִאשׁוֹנָה בַּשַׁבָּת (עַיֵן לְעֵיל סִימָן קמח). וּבְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת יֵשׁ מְקִלִּין שֶׁתִּטְבֹּל.

She is permitted to immerse on Friday night if it is the proper time for her immersion, and she was unable to immerse before this,⁷Or if accidently she was delayed—Nodah Beyehudah Tinyana 131. Or if she had immersed before, and found dirt under her nails etc, for which she must repeat the immersion—Shach—Maharah Lublin. Or if she was slightly ill—Levushei Sarad, or if this water was too cold for her. (Imrei Binah, Chapter 9) and provided her husband is in town. But if her husband is out of town, or if she was able to immerse before, she is forbidden to immerse on Friday night.⁸This is a custom (Ramah 197:2). Bach and Taz rule that it is a halachah. Sidrei Taharah says if she postponed her day of immersion for no reason, she may not immerse on Shabbos. Chachmas Adam, Aruch Hashulchan, Taharas Yisroel etc. maintain that the prevailing custom is that she may go to the (mikvah) on Friday night, even if there is no reason why she could not have gone before. If it is after she had given birth, there are many intricate laws regarding if she is permitted to immerse on Friday night or not, so she should consult a poseik. A woman whose date of immersion was before Friday night, but she failed to immerse because her husband was out of town, and he arrived on Friday, in some communities they are strict and do not allow such an immersion on Friday night. In a community without an established custom one should not be strict about this. In communities where the custom is to be strict about Friday night immersions, she may not immerse even⁹Because according to Rashi, the chafifah should be done by day; and if she immerses motzei Shabbos she has to make her chafifah erev Shabbos. The chafifah must be close to the time of immersion if possible; therefore, if she is able to immerse close to the chafifah, she may not postpone it for a time when she will not be able to perform the immersion shortly after the chafifah. This is consistent with the view that does not allow her to immerse on Shabbos night, if she was able to do so before. at the conclusion of Shabbos.¹⁰The prevailing custom is that all women may immerse on motzei Shabbos. (see footnote 8) A widow who got married (while menstrually unclean), is forbidden to immerse for her first time on Friday night since he is forbidden to have initial marital relations with her on Shabbos.¹¹See Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 148:4. (However) on the conclusion of Shabbos, some authorities are lenient and permit her to immerse.

תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות (נדה ע"ג.)