סימן כג סעיף יא
אִם קָרְאוּ לְכֹהֵן אוֹ לְלֵוִי וְאֵינָם שָׁם, לֹא יִקְרְאוּ לְאַחֵר בִּשְׁמוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ עַל הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁהוּא פָּגוּם, אֶלָּא יֹאמְרוּ לְהָאַחֵר: עֲלֵה אַתָּה, וְיַעֲלֶה, אֲבָל בְּנוֹ יְכוֹלִין לִקְרֹא בִּשְׁמוֹ, שֶׁאֵין בָּזֶה פְּגָם לְאָבִיו, שֶׁהֲרֵי אִם הָאָב הָיָה פָּגוּם, גַּם הַבֵּן הָיָה פָּגוּם, וְכֵן אִם הַכֹּהֵן אוֹ הַלֵּוִי אֵינָם יְכוֹלִים לַעֲלֹת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעוֹמְדִים בַּתְּפִלָּה, יְכוֹלִין לִקְרֹא בִּשְׁמוֹ, שֶׁהֲרֵי הַכֹּל רוֹאִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי, וְאִם קָרְאוּ לְיִשְֹרָאֵל וְאֵינוֹ שָׁם, יְכוֹלִין לִקְרֹא לְאַחֵר בִּשְׁמוֹ, כִּי בְּיִשְֹרָאֵל לֹא שַׁיָּךְ פְּגָם, וְכֵן אִם קָרְאוּ לְכֹהֵן אוֹ לְלֵוִי לְאַחֲרוֹן אוֹ לְמַפְטִיר, בְּשַׁבָּת וְיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵינָם שָׁם, יְכוֹלִין לִקְרֹא לְאַחֵר בַּשֵּׁם.
If a Kohein or Leivi was called and [it is discovered] that he is not present, another should not be called by name, so that it should not be said the first one's lineage is defective.18The observer who is not aware that the first Kohein is not present might attribute the abrupt calling up of the second Kohein to the discovery of a defect in the first Kohein. Instead, to the second one say: "You, go up," and he should go up. However, if [in his absence] they call his son he may be called by name for this would not [be misconstrued], as a defect in the father's [lineage], for if the fathers lineage were defective then the son's would also be defective. Similarly, if the Kohein or the Leivi cannot go up [to the Seifer Torah] because he is in mid-Shemoneh Esrei, another may be called by name, for all can see that the former Kohein does not go up [only] because he is not permitted to do so. If a Yisrael is called up and is not present, another may be called by name because where a Yisrael is involved,19A person whose father has converted to another religion is called to the Torah by his grandfather’s name. (Rema o.c. 139:3). "defective lineage" has no application. Similarly, if a Kohein or Leivi were called up for acharon20אַחֲרוֹן—the last aliyah before maftir. or maftir on Shabbos or Yom Tov and they are not present, another may be called by name.21The change cannot be attributed to the discovery of a “defective lineage” because for acharon and maftir any Jew may be called (Responsa Shevus Yaakov Vol. III:7).
תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות (נדה ע"ג.)