סימן פח סעיף א
מֻקְצֶה מִדַּעַת, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁהִקְצָהוּ הָאָדָם מִדַּעְתּוֹ מִלְּאָכְלוֹ בַשַׁבָּת, מֵחֲמַת שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי הַדְּחָק, אוֹ שֶׁרָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה אֲפִלּוּ בְּלֹא דְּחָק, אֶלָּא שֶׁהִקְצָהוּ לִסְחוֹרָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ לָאוֹצָר, וְכֵן דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי הַיוֹם לְמַאֲכַל כְּלָבִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת לֹא הָיָה עוֹמֵד לְכָךְ, כְּגוֹן בְּהֵמָה וָעוֹף שֶׁנִּתְנַבְּלוּ בַשַׁבָּת, וְכֵן דָּבָר שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנָּה הַיּוֹם מִמַּה שֶּׁהָיָה אֶתְמוֹל, אֲבָל מִכָּל מָקוֹם גַּם הַיּוֹם עֲדַיִן רָאוּי לְאֵיזֶה תַשְׁמִישׁ, כְּגוֹן כֵּלִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּבְּרוּ הַיּוֹם וַעֲדַיִן רְאוּיִין לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן מֵעֵין תַּשְׁמִישָׁן הָרִאשׁוֹן לְקַבֵּל בָּהֶן אֵיזֶה מַאֲכָל אוֹ מַשְׁקֶה, וְכֵן עֲצָמוֹת שֶׁנִּתְפָּרְקוּ הַיּוֹם מִן הַבָּשָׂר וְהֵן רְאוּיִין לִכְלָבִים, כָּל אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין לְטַלְטֵל בַּשַׁבָּת, חוּץ מִמַּה שֶּׁדָּחָה בַיָּדַיִם כְּגוֹן גְּרוֹגָרוֹת וְצִמּוּקִין.
The following items are not muktzeh and may be handled on Shabbos: If you made up your mind, not to eat something on Shabbos because it is unfit to eat, except in an extreme circumstance, or if it is fit to eat, even in normal circumstances, but you set it aside for sale,1Shulchan Aruch 310: 2. even if you placed it in storage; also food that is considered dog food today even if was not intended as such before Shabbos, for instance, an animal or bird that died2Having died without שְׁחִיטָה (kosher slaughtering) they are fit only for animal consumption. on Shabbos;3Shulchan Aruch 324: 7. Eliyahu Rabbah and the Gra, (Vilna Gaon) suggest that where the animal was in good health before Shabbos and died unexpectedly, it is muktzeh. or something that took a new form today4I.e. on Shabbos. other than what it was yesterday, but is, nevertheless, still fit for some use today, such as vessels that broke today but are still fit for some utility that is similar to their original purpose,5It is therefore not considered nolad (a newly formed object). However, if it is fit for an entirely different use it would be nolad. [Magein Avraham 308: 6] Others [Bach, Taz, Eliyahu Rabbah, Tosafos Shabbos] rule that if it remains fit for any use whatsoever it is not muktzeh. [v. Biur Halachah 308: 6, Mishnah Berurah 501: 22] [i.e.] to hold food or drink; also bones that were stripped today of their meat and are fit for dogs.6Or any animal in the vicinity. [Shulchan Aruch 308: 29] All of these things may be handled on Shabbos,7But not on Yom Tov. Laws of muktzeh are more stringent on Yom Tov. [v. Mishnah Berurah 495: 17; Shulchan Aruch Harav] unless you definitely reject it, such as [drying] dates and raisins.8Drying dates and raisins are absolutely set aside not to be used until ready. Additionally, during one stage in the process they are repulsive and unfit for eating. These two factors render them muktzeh. [Shulchan Aruch 310: 2]
Additionally, since at twilight of Friday they are unfit to eat, they remain muktzeh throughout Shabbos. [Chayei Adam 65; Shulchan Aruch Harav; see also Maseches Shabbos 45a]
תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות (נדה ע"ג.)